Poor air quality is the largest environmental health risk in the United States. Fine particulate matter ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths each year from heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and other diseases.

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Black and Hispanic Americans bear a disproportionate burden from air ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 generated mainly by non-Hispanic white Americans, according to new research from a team led by the University of Washington and the University of Minnesota and including ラーメンベット 禁止ゲーム of Engineering assistant professor Josh Apte in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering. The finding, which quantifies for the first time the racial gap between who generates air ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 and who breathes it, waspublished March 11in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“Similar to previous studies, we show that racial-ethnic minorities are exposed to more ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 on average than non-Hispanic whites,” said first authorChristopher Tessum, a research scientist in the UW’s civil and environmental engineering department and a recent University of Minnesota graduate. “What is new is that we find that those differences do not occur because minorities on average cause more ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 than whites — in fact, the opposite is true.”

The team compared what people spend their money on — like buying groceries or gas or getting clothes dry-cleaned — to the ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 these activities generate. Then the researchers overlaid these results on a map of where people live to see if there was the difference between the ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 that specific racial-ethnic groups generate and what they experience.

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These disparities may be influenced by longstanding societal trends, such as income inequality. Also, racial patterns in where people live often reflect segregation or other conditions from decades earlier. Black and Hispanic Americans are more likely to live in locations with higher concentrations of ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 compared to white Americans, which means they have increased average daily exposure to it.

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“Our work is at the intersection of many important and timely topics such as race, inequality, affluence, environmental justice and environmental regulation,” said corresponding authorJason Hill, an associate professor of bioproducts and biosystems ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 at the University of Minnesota.

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“The approach we establish in this study could be extended to other pollutants, locations and groupings of people,” Marshall said. “When it comes to determining who causes air ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 — and who breathes that ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 — this research is just the beginning.”

The other co-authors on this paper are Joshua Apte at the University of Texas at Austin; Andrew Goodkind at the University of New Mexico; Nicholas Muller at Carnegie Mellon University; Kimberley Mullins at Lumina Decision Systems; David Paolella at the University of Washington, and Stephen Polasky, Nathaniel Springer and Sumil Thakrar at the University of Minnesota. This ラーメンベット 入金不要ボーナス 出金 was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment.